-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 4
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathchapter2.html
More file actions
172 lines (128 loc) · 9.22 KB
/
chapter2.html
File metadata and controls
172 lines (128 loc) · 9.22 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>CMP - Chapter 2</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="CSS/style.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Marcellus+SC&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Dancing+Script&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Alice&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bad+Script&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="favicon.png"/>
</head>
<body>
<div class="Chapter2imgbg">
<a href = "index.html"><img src = "logo1.png" alt = "Logo-image" class="logo"></a>
<nav class="drop-down">
<ul>
<li><a href = "index.html"> Home </a></li>
<li><a href = "aboutus.html"> About Us </a></li>
<li><a href = "Chapter1.html"> Reports </a>
<ul>
<li><a href = "Chapter1.html"> Chapter 1 </a></li>
<li><a href = "Chapter2.html"> Chapter 2 </a></li>
<li><a href = "Chapter3.html"> Chapter 3 </a></li>
<li><a href = "Chapter4.html"> Chapter 4 </a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href = "ContactUs.html"> Contact Us </a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<div class="hero-text2">
<h1> Development In International And European Circumstances </h1>
</div>
</div>
<h2 class="Chaptertitle" > Summary Of the Chapter </h2>
<div class="paragraphs card-2"><p class = "paras">Within this chapter you will come across the development in international and European
circumstances over the past year. The chapter will cover Global and European greenhouse gas emission, Changes in the global energy system,
Advanced in international and European climate policy and Next Steps in International Climate Policy. Despite expanding capacity and falling
costs for renewable energy, global emissions continued rising in 2018. The UK is one of several countries and regions to set a net-zero
emissions target in the last year, but overall international commitments to reduce emissions remain insufficient. </p>
</div>
<div class = "articleContainer">
<div class = "leftArticle">
<article class = "mainArticle"><h3>Chapter 2: Part 1</h3><section class = "chapterText">
<h2>Global and European greenhouse gas emission</h2>
<p>The carbon intensity of energy decreased 1% in 2018 relative to 2017. This follows similar annual decreases since 2011,
prior to which global average carbon intensity of energy had been essentially flat since 1990. The energy intensity of the global economy only fractionally
improved in 2018, reducing 0.1%, a significantly smaller improvement than that seen in recent years. Improved energy intensity has been the dominant driver
of the slight decoupling between CO2 emissions and economic growth since 1990. However, the effect of global economic growth in 2018 (3%, slightly higher than 2.8% per year
averaged over 2013 - 2017) more than offset these improvements. </p>
</section>
<section class = "chapterText">
<h2>Graph To Show Carbon And Energy Intensity</h2>
<figure>
<img src="chapter2graph1.jpg" alt= "figure" class="figure-img">
<figcaption><b>Figure 1</b> carbon and energy intensity of the global economy</figcaption>
</figure>
<ul>
<li><b>China's</b>estimated CO2 emissions grew by around 2.2% in 2018.This increase was driven by emissions from the burning of coal,
supplemented with increasing oil and gas consumption. </li>
<li><b>The USA's</b>CO2 emissions increased 2.6% in 2018, driven in part by relatively large heating and cooling demands of a cold winter
and warm summer along with strong economic growth.</li>
<li><b>India's</b>CO2 emissions grew strongly at 7% in 2018, underpinned by strong economic growth. Although renewable energy deployment continues
rapidly, it is being outstripped by energy demand growth. </li>
<li><b>India's</b>emissions of CO2 decreased by about 2% in 2018 relative to 2017 levels, the first fall since 2014.The Rest of the World also increased CO2
emissions in 2018 by 1.7% on 2017 levels.</li>
</ul>
<section class = "chapterText">
<h2>Advanced in international and European climate policy </h2>
<p>The 24th Conference of Parties (COP24) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was held in Katowice, Poland in December 2018.
The rulebook for the Paris Agreement was largely completed at COP24. This provides the internationally-agreed rules and processes to operationalise the Paris Agreement.
<b>Key features include:</b> Rules for harmonising future Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs - national commitments to emissions reductions prior to 2030), creating a common system for
expressing and comparing pledged mitigation commitments. The requirement for all Parties to submit biennial reports to allow monitoring of progress towards achieving their NDCs and other climate
obligations as part of the Paris Agreement Transparency Framework. Common rules and obligations for the reporting of climate finance. Agreement on rules for international market-based mechanisms to share
mitigation efforts and accounted emissions reductions between countries could not be reached so will be returned to this year </p>
</section>
</section>
</article>
</div>
<div class = "rightArticle">
<article class = "mainArticle">
<h3>Chapter 2: Part 2</h3>
<section class = "chapterText">
<h2>Changes in the global energy system </h2>
<p>Global energy demand grew by 2.9% in 2018, its largest increase since 2010.34 China,
India and the USA together accounted for over two-thirds of the global increase. Large demands
for heating and cooling due to weather effects contributed significantly to this large increase in
energy demand (estimated to be around one-quarter of the annual growth). Around 70% of this increase
was met with fossil-based energy.</p>
<p><b>Nuclear energy's</b> generation increased by 2.4% in 2018, but its share of electricity generation remained largely unchanged (10%) due to growing global electricity demand.
<b>Gas</b> was the energy source that grew the most in 2018, growing at the fastest rate since 2010. This indicates both the increasing demand for energy around the world and switching between coal and gas.</p>
<p>Oil consumption grew in 2018 increasing by 1.5% above 2017 levels. This was slightly slower than the 1.7% increase in 2017 (above 2016 levels), in part due to higher oil prices. Hydroelectricity contributes around 16% of
global electricity generation, a fraction which has remained approximately constant over the last decade</p>
<figure>
<img src="chapter2graph2.jpg" alt= "figure" class="figure-img">
<figcaption><b>Figure 2</b> Global average renewable costs continue to fall</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class = "chapterText">
<h2>Next Steps in International Climate Policy </h2>
<p>The UN Climate Action Summit, to be held in New York on 23 September 2019.
This offers the first opportunity for countries to gather and signal their intentions for increasing NDC ambition. The UK is leading a focus area
on climate resilience at this summit. The publication of IPCC special reports on Climate Change and Land and The Ocean and the Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
in August and September 2019 respectively, which will inform negotiations at COP25. </p>
<p>COP25 in Chile in December 2019, which will offer another opportunity for countries to communicate enhanced NDCs. It will have a particular focus on the effect of climate change on the oceans.
COP26 (at the end of 2020), which is expected to be the major focus point for efforts to raise NDC ambition. It now appears probable that the UK will host the COP26 talks, having agreed a partnership bid with Italy.
These are crucial talks and represent a major opportunity to increase global effort and ambition to cut emissions.The UK should use all the tools at its disposal to ensure that these talks are successful. </p>
</section>
</article>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pagebuttons">
<button class="previousbutton" onclick = "window.location.href='Chapter1.html'">««« Previous Chapter </button>
<button class="nextbutton" onclick = "window.location.href='Chapter3.html'">Next Chapter »»»</button>
</div>
<footer>
<p>
<small><i>Copyright © 2019 CMP</i></small>
<a class = "footer-1" href = "https://privacypolicy.com">Privacy Policy</a>
<a class = "footer-2" href = "termsofservice.com">Terms of Services</a>
<a class = "footer-3">Last updated November 2019 </a>
<a href="mailto:someone@example.com"><img src="email.png" alt="email" class="contact"></a>
<a href="tel:01654298019"><img src="phone.png" alt="number" class="contact"></a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaclimatechange/?hl=en"><img src="instagram.png" alt="instagram" class="socialmedia"></a>
<a href="https://en-gb.facebook.com/NASAClimateChange/"><img src="facebook.png" alt="facebook" class="socialmedia"></a> </p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>