Prototypal Inheritance.js

/*JavaScript is quite unique in the popular programming languages landscape because of its usage of prototypal 
inheritance. While most object-oriented languages use a class-based inheritance model, JavaScript is based on 
the prototype inheritance model.

Prototype inheritance means every single JavaScript object has a property, called prototype, which points to a 
different object. This different object is the object prototype. An object uses that object prototype to 
inherit properties and methods.

Say you have an object created using the object literal syntax, in any case, the prototype of car is Object.
const car = {}
or one created with the new Object syntax:
const car = new Object()
 
If you initialize an array, which is an object, the prototype is an Array.
const list = []
//or
const list = new Array()

All the properties and methods of the prototype are available to the object that has that prototype. 

Object.prototype is the base prototype of all the objects:

Object.getPrototypeOf(Array.prototype) == Object.prototype

The prototype of the Object.prototype is null. Its a special case. 

I can make an object that extends Array and any object I instantiate using it, will have Array and Object in its 
prototype chain and inherit properties and methods from all the ancestors.

In addition to using the new operator to create an object, or using the literals syntax for objects and arrays, you 
can instantiate an object using Object.create().

The first argument passed is the object used as prototype:
const car = Object.create({})
const list = Object.create(Array)

Pay attention...you can instantiate an array using:

const list = Object.create(Array.prototype)

and in this case Array.isPrototypeOf(list) is false, while Array.prototype.isPrototypeOf(list) is true.

*/

let car = {}
let list = []

//verifying prototype
Object.getPrototypeOf(car) === Object.prototype
Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(car)

Object.getPrototypeOf(list) === Array.prototype
Array.prototype.isPrototypeOf(list)