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Create Page Open Source 2.0
Finally create a page to introduce open source on the knowledge base, related to Open Source 2.0 Initiative. See discussion #465 « Open Source 2.0 Initiative: From Open Source Software to Open Source Resources » on GitHub. Link: #465
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‎_quarto.yml‎

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contents:
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- content/models/open-education.md
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- content/models/open-science.md
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- content/models/open-source.md
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- content/models/open-hardware.md
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- content/models/open-collaboration.md
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- content/models/open-peer-review.md

‎content/models/README.md‎

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## List of open templates
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## List of Open Models
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* [Open Education](open-education.md)
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* [Open Science](open-science.md)
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* [Open Source](open-source.md) (2.0)
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* [Open Collaboration](open-collaboration.md)
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* [Open Hardware](open-hardware.md)
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* [Open Innovation](open-innovation.md)
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* Open Law
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* Open Music
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* Open Patent
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* Open (Source) Software
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* Open Standard
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* Open Pedagogy
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* Open Scolarship

‎content/models/open-source.md‎

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# Open Source (2.0)
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::: {.callout-warning}
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**Related to the [Open Source 2.0 Initiative](https://github.com/Open-Models/Base/discussions/465).**
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The meaning of « open source » remains unclear, the interpretation here differs from the conventional sense of the term to favor
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open source resources instead of open source software.
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The Open Source Initiative and the [Open Source Definition](https://opensource.org/osd) are introduced but not considered as relevant to explain open source.
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:::
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## An Open Source Definition
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> **1.** Practice of releasing publicly a digital resource with its source files (ex: open source resource, open source
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> educational resource, open source software, open source image...).
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>
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> **2.** (From OSINT) Information from a publicly available source.
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## Classic, Controversial (and Outdated?) Meaning
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In popular usage, open source is associated with software for which the source code is made available.
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In the mainstream interpretation, to be considered open source a software must use an open license that does not restrict any type of
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actor or usage. **In this view, the legal framework must be compatible with the [Open Source Definition](https://opensource.org/osd) (OSD) of the Open Source Initiative.**
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The Open Source Definition with its liberal approach is a source of conflict. Some will introduce limitations in their licenses (e.g. for
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economic or ethical reasons) and describe their software as open source while part of the community will reject this
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qualifier based on the OSD. Alternatively to the Open Source Initiative, the [Organization for Ethical Source](https://ethicalsource.dev/)
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promote another vision of open source.
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Within the software community there are various interpretations of « open source ».
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## From Open Source Software to Open Source Resources
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With the emergence of other openness movements, the notion of open source seems to go beyond software. For various
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typologies of digital resources we will have both a final format and source files to edit them. Access to source files
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will be an essential aspect to fully enable the modification of open resources.
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**Basic example of open source resource:** A pdf document under an open license shared with its odt/docx/latex source file.
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Therefore, the notion of open source becomes transversal to all open models.
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![<a href="/images/open-models-open-source-relation.svg" download>Download image source file</a>](/images/open-models-open-source-relation.webp){width=65% fig-alt="Graphic to represent the relation between
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open models and open source"}
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### Open Source Educational Resources
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With open education, resources are commonly called « Open Educational Resources » (OER). Alternatively, the notion of
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« [Open Source Educational Resources](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.14330) » has been suggested to specify OERs that would provide their source files.
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> *What do you mean by "open-source educational materials"?*
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>
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> *"Open-source" implies that there are source files that are converted and rendered into a final learner-presentable
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> form. Examples include Jupyter notebooks or plaintext/markup language documents like LaTeX, Markdown,
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> ReStructuredText, AsciiDoc, and R Markdown.*
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> **[About section](https://jose.theoj.org/about) of the Journal of Open Source Education**
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**Examples of Open Source Educational Resources:** This knowledge base as the website's markdown files are provided on [GitHub](https://github.com/Open-Models/Base).
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Similarly, [The Turing Way](https://book.the-turing-way.org/) handbook (see debate around the question "[Is the Turing
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Way Open Source](https://github.com/the-turing-way/the-turing-way/issues/3653) ?").
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### Open Source Article
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In open science, it's common to speak of open access articles to consider access to articles for documents generally in pdf format.
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An open source article will be about providing all the underlaying material used to produce the pdf (latex, markdown,
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docx, odt files...), taking into account other elements such as figures (see open source images).
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**Example:** For any article on arXiv you can download both a pdf and its « tex source » such as with the article
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mentioned above entitled « [Developing Open Source Educational Resources for Machine Learning and Data Science](https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.14330) ».
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### Open Source Image
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> *If you provide the source for the image so that I can modify it and it uses an OSI compliant license, then yes, I would say it's an open source image.*
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>
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> *What constitutes Open Source or not is very clear now for software, but for other artifacts, that might not be so clear.*
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> **A member of the Open Source Initiative in a private email.**
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Images and designs can be formed with a set of layers. The image formats usually used are compressed (e.g.: png/jpeg),
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aggregating these layers, but access to these original, decompressed source files will enable the images to be modified.
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**Examples of open source images:** Photoshop uses psd files before exporting to jpeg/png/etc. The spelling mistake of the
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following image under CC0 will be hard to edit on the png format while the text can be easily modified using the svg format (with
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a tool like Inkscape).
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![<a href="/images/open-source-image.svg" download>Download image source file</a>](/images/open-source-image.webp){width=50% fig-alt="PNG image under CC0 with misspelled text coupled with watermark and texture
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to make edition impossible"}
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### Open Source Hardware
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[Expand around blueprint in 3D pdf vs ifc/rvt]
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### Open Source Data
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[Expand around dataset vs source of the dataset]
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### Open Source Music
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[Expand around mp3 vs MIDI files]
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### Open Source Video
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[Expand around MP4/AVI/... vs tools files (.kdenlive, .osp, .mlt, .blend)]

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