From 65b0620684e541196550ba37e6857265ce028da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacek <jacek@clerk.dev>
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 2026 22:54:46 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] fix(testing): add retry logic for testing token fetch on
 429/5xx

---
 packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts | 32 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
index 2b2fe211903..a9575ea6820 100644
--- a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
+++ b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,36 @@
 import { createClerkClient } from '@clerk/backend';
+import { isClerkAPIResponseError } from '@clerk/shared/error';
 import { parsePublishableKey } from '@clerk/shared/keys';
 import dotenv from 'dotenv';
 
 import type { ClerkSetupOptions, ClerkSetupReturn } from './types';
 
+const MAX_RETRIES = 5;
+const BASE_DELAY_MS = 1000;
+const JITTER_MAX_MS = 500;
+const MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 30_000;
+const RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([429, 502, 503, 504]);
+
+async function fetchWithRetry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, label: string): Promise<T> {
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= MAX_RETRIES; attempt++) {
+    try {
+      return await fn();
+    } catch (error) {
+      const isRetryable = isClerkAPIResponseError(error) && RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES.has(error.status);
+      if (!isRetryable || attempt === MAX_RETRIES) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+      const delay =
+        isClerkAPIResponseError(error) && typeof error.retryAfter === 'number'
+          ? Math.min(error.retryAfter * 1000, MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
+          : BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * JITTER_MAX_MS;
+      console.warn(`[Retry] ${error.status} for ${label}, attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES}, waiting ${Math.round(delay)}ms`);
+      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
+    }
+  }
+  throw new Error('Unreachable');
+}
+
 export const fetchEnvVars = async (options?: ClerkSetupOptions): Promise<ClerkSetupReturn> => {
   const { debug = false, dotenv: loadDotEnv = true, ...rest } = options || {};
 
@@ -44,7 +71,10 @@ export const fetchEnvVars = async (options?: ClerkSetupOptions): Promise<ClerkSe
     try {
       const apiUrl = (rest as any)?.apiUrl || process.env.CLERK_API_URL;
       const clerkClient = createClerkClient({ secretKey, apiUrl });
-      const tokenData = await clerkClient.testingTokens.createTestingToken();
+      const tokenData = await fetchWithRetry(
+        () => clerkClient.testingTokens.createTestingToken(),
+        'testingTokens.createTestingToken',
+      );
       testingToken = tokenData.token;
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to fetch testing token from Clerk API.');

From c23b2e4e60c88b9591f9f0f9d50fc888d129b0e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacek <jacek@clerk.dev>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 11:25:04 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] fix(testing): add changeset and cap exponential backoff
 delay

---
 .changeset/retry-testing-token.md    | 5 +++++
 packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .changeset/retry-testing-token.md

diff --git a/.changeset/retry-testing-token.md b/.changeset/retry-testing-token.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64fb7eaf3c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/retry-testing-token.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+"@clerk/testing": patch
+---
+
+Add retry logic with exponential backoff for testing token fetch on 429 and 5xx responses.
diff --git a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
index a9575ea6820..fb8303adb93 100644
--- a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
+++ b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ async function fetchWithRetry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, label: string): Promise<T
         throw error;
       }
       const delay =
-        isClerkAPIResponseError(error) && typeof error.retryAfter === 'number'
+        typeof error.retryAfter === 'number'
           ? Math.min(error.retryAfter * 1000, MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
-          : BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * JITTER_MAX_MS;
+          : Math.min(BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * JITTER_MAX_MS, MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
       console.warn(`[Retry] ${error.status} for ${label}, attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES}, waiting ${Math.round(delay)}ms`);
       await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
     }

From 131cff51bfe119123d708bc324c664312c95f499 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacek <jacek@clerk.dev>
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 2026 11:38:13 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] style(testing): format setup.ts with prettier

---
 packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
index fb8303adb93..de07b73658e 100644
--- a/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
+++ b/packages/testing/src/common/setup.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ async function fetchWithRetry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, label: string): Promise<T
         typeof error.retryAfter === 'number'
           ? Math.min(error.retryAfter * 1000, MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS)
           : Math.min(BASE_DELAY_MS * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * JITTER_MAX_MS, MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
-      console.warn(`[Retry] ${error.status} for ${label}, attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES}, waiting ${Math.round(delay)}ms`);
+      console.warn(
+        `[Retry] ${error.status} for ${label}, attempt ${attempt + 1}/${MAX_RETRIES}, waiting ${Math.round(delay)}ms`,
+      );
       await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
     }
   }