diff --git a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart
index 17bd86eef56..0070cd73b80 100644
--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_page.dart
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import 'dart:async';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_hbb/common.dart';
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {
     required this.tabController,
     required this.isSharedPassword,
     required this.terminalId,
+    required this.tabKey,
     this.forceRelay,
     this.connToken,
   }) : super(key: key);
@@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ class TerminalPage extends StatefulWidget {
   final bool? isSharedPassword;
   final String? connToken;
   final int terminalId;
+  /// Tab key for focus management, passed from parent to avoid duplicate construction
+  final String tabKey;
   final SimpleWrapper<State<TerminalPage>?> _lastState = SimpleWrapper(null);
 
   FFI get ffi => (_lastState.value! as _TerminalPageState)._ffi;
@@ -42,11 +46,16 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
   late FFI _ffi;
   late TerminalModel _terminalModel;
   double? _cellHeight;
+  final FocusNode _terminalFocusNode = FocusNode(canRequestFocus: false);
+  StreamSubscription<DesktopTabState>? _tabStateSubscription;
 
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
 
+    // Listen for tab selection changes to request focus
+    _tabStateSubscription = widget.tabController.state.listen(_onTabStateChanged);
+
     // Use shared FFI instance from connection manager
     _ffi = TerminalConnectionManager.getConnection(
       peerId: widget.id,
@@ -64,6 +73,13 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
     _terminalModel.onResizeExternal = (w, h, pw, ph) {
       _cellHeight = ph * 1.0;
 
+      // Enable focus once terminal has valid dimensions (first valid resize)
+      if (!_terminalFocusNode.canRequestFocus && w > 0 && h > 0) {
+        _terminalFocusNode.canRequestFocus = true;
+        // Auto-focus if this tab is currently selected
+        _requestFocusIfSelected();
+      }
+
       // Schedule the setState for the next frame
       WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
         if (mounted) {
@@ -99,14 +115,42 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
 
   @override
   void dispose() {
+    // Cancel tab state subscription to prevent memory leak
+    _tabStateSubscription?.cancel();
     // Unregister terminal model from FFI
     _ffi.unregisterTerminalModel(widget.terminalId);
     _terminalModel.dispose();
+    _terminalFocusNode.dispose();
     // Release connection reference instead of closing directly
     TerminalConnectionManager.releaseConnection(widget.id);
     super.dispose();
   }
 
+  void _onTabStateChanged(DesktopTabState state) {
+    // Check if this tab is now selected and request focus
+    if (state.selected >= 0 && state.selected < state.tabs.length) {
+      final selectedTab = state.tabs[state.selected];
+      if (selectedTab.key == widget.tabKey && mounted) {
+        _requestFocusIfSelected();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _requestFocusIfSelected() {
+    if (!mounted || !_terminalFocusNode.canRequestFocus) return;
+    // Use post-frame callback to ensure widget is fully laid out in focus tree
+    WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
+      // Re-check conditions after frame: mounted, focusable, still selected, not already focused
+      if (!mounted || !_terminalFocusNode.canRequestFocus || _terminalFocusNode.hasFocus) return;
+      final state = widget.tabController.state.value;
+      if (state.selected >= 0 && state.selected < state.tabs.length) {
+        if (state.tabs[state.selected].key == widget.tabKey) {
+          _terminalFocusNode.requestFocus();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
   // This method ensures that the number of visible rows is an integer by computing the
   // extra space left after dividing the available height by the height of a single
   // terminal row (`_cellHeight`) and distributing it evenly as top and bottom padding.
@@ -131,7 +175,9 @@ class _TerminalPageState extends State<TerminalPage>
           return TerminalView(
             _terminalModel.terminal,
             controller: _terminalModel.terminalController,
-            autofocus: true,
+            focusNode: _terminalFocusNode,
+            // Note: autofocus is not used here because focus is managed manually
+            // via _onTabStateChanged() to handle tab switching properly.
             backgroundOpacity: 0.7,
             padding: _calculatePadding(heightPx),
             onSecondaryTapDown: (details, offset) async {
diff --git a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart
index cd8d84abedb..a204b867898 100644
--- a/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/desktop/pages/terminal_tab_page.dart
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class _TerminalTabPageState extends State<TerminalTabPage> {
         key: ValueKey(tabKey),
         id: peerId,
         terminalId: terminalId,
+        tabKey: tabKey,
         password: password,
         isSharedPassword: isSharedPassword,
         tabController: tabController,
diff --git a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart
index ca4f2c11df5..764528ab61e 100644
--- a/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart
+++ b/flutter/lib/models/terminal_model.dart
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
   bool _disposed = false;
 
   final _inputBuffer = <String>[];
+  // Buffer for output data received before terminal view has valid dimensions.
+  // This prevents NaN errors when writing to terminal before layout is complete.
+  final _pendingOutputChunks = <String>[];
+  int _pendingOutputSize = 0;
+  static const int _kMaxOutputBufferChars = 8 * 1024;
+  // View ready state: true when terminal has valid dimensions, safe to write
+  bool _terminalViewReady = false;
 
   bool get isPeerWindows => parent.ffiModel.pi.platform == kPeerPlatformWindows;
 
@@ -74,6 +81,12 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
         // This piece of code must be placed before the conditional check in order to initialize properly.
         onResizeExternal?.call(w, h, pw, ph);
 
+        // Mark terminal view as ready and flush any buffered output on first valid resize.
+        // Must be after onResizeExternal so the view layer has valid dimensions before flushing.
+        if (!_terminalViewReady) {
+          _markViewReady();
+        }
+
         if (_terminalOpened) {
           // Notify remote terminal of resize
           try {
@@ -141,7 +154,7 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
       debugPrint('[TerminalModel] Error calling sessionOpenTerminal: $e');
       // Optionally show error to user
       if (e is TimeoutException) {
-        terminal.write('Failed to open terminal: Connection timeout\r\n');
+        _writeToTerminal('Failed to open terminal: Connection timeout\r\n');
       }
     }
   }
@@ -283,7 +296,7 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
             }));
       }
     } else {
-      terminal.write('Failed to open terminal: $message\r\n');
+      _writeToTerminal('Failed to open terminal: $message\r\n');
     }
   }
 
@@ -327,29 +340,83 @@ class TerminalModel with ChangeNotifier {
           return;
         }
 
-        terminal.write(text);
+        _writeToTerminal(text);
       } catch (e) {
         debugPrint('[TerminalModel] Failed to process terminal data: $e');
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /// Write text to terminal, buffering if the view is not yet ready.
+  /// All terminal output should go through this method to avoid NaN errors
+  /// from writing before the terminal view has valid layout dimensions.
+  void _writeToTerminal(String text) {
+    if (!_terminalViewReady) {
+      // If a single chunk exceeds the cap, keep only its tail.
+      // Note: truncation may split a multi-byte ANSI escape sequence,
+      // which can cause a brief visual glitch on flush. This is acceptable
+      // because it only affects the pre-layout buffering window and the
+      // terminal will self-correct on subsequent output.
+      if (text.length >= _kMaxOutputBufferChars) {
+        final truncated =
+            text.substring(text.length - _kMaxOutputBufferChars);
+        _pendingOutputChunks
+          ..clear()
+          ..add(truncated);
+        _pendingOutputSize = truncated.length;
+      } else {
+        _pendingOutputChunks.add(text);
+        _pendingOutputSize += text.length;
+        // Drop oldest chunks if exceeds limit (whole chunks to preserve ANSI sequences)
+        while (_pendingOutputSize > _kMaxOutputBufferChars &&
+            _pendingOutputChunks.length > 1) {
+          final removed = _pendingOutputChunks.removeAt(0);
+          _pendingOutputSize -= removed.length;
+        }
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    terminal.write(text);
+  }
+
+  void _flushOutputBuffer() {
+    if (_pendingOutputChunks.isEmpty) return;
+    debugPrint(
+        '[TerminalModel] Flushing $_pendingOutputSize buffered chars (${_pendingOutputChunks.length} chunks)');
+    for (final chunk in _pendingOutputChunks) {
+      terminal.write(chunk);
+    }
+    _pendingOutputChunks.clear();
+    _pendingOutputSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  /// Mark terminal view as ready and flush buffered output.
+  void _markViewReady() {
+    if (_terminalViewReady) return;
+    _terminalViewReady = true;
+    _flushOutputBuffer();
+  }
+
   void _handleTerminalClosed(Map<String, dynamic> evt) {
     final int exitCode = evt['exit_code'] ?? 0;
-    terminal.write('\r\nTerminal closed with exit code: $exitCode\r\n');
+    _writeToTerminal('\r\nTerminal closed with exit code: $exitCode\r\n');
     _terminalOpened = false;
     notifyListeners();
   }
 
   void _handleTerminalError(Map<String, dynamic> evt) {
     final String message = evt['message'] ?? 'Unknown error';
-    terminal.write('\r\nTerminal error: $message\r\n');
+    _writeToTerminal('\r\nTerminal error: $message\r\n');
   }
 
   @override
   void dispose() {
     if (_disposed) return;
     _disposed = true;
+    // Clear buffers to free memory
+    _inputBuffer.clear();
+    _pendingOutputChunks.clear();
+    _pendingOutputSize = 0;
     // Terminal cleanup is handled server-side when service closes
     super.dispose();
   }