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<!doctype html>
<!-- paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/ -->
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html class="no-js ie6"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]> <html class="no-js ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]> <html class="no-js ie8"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- Always force latest IE rendering engine (even in intranet) & Chrome Frame
Remove this if you use the .htaccess -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title>HTML5 Elements</title>
<!-- Mobile viewport optimized: j.mp/bplateviewport -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- Place favicon.ico & apple-touch-icon.png in the root of your domain and delete these references -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png">
<!-- CSS : implied media="all" -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css?v=2">
<!-- Uncomment if you are specifically targeting less enabled mobile browsers
<link rel="stylesheet" media="handheld" href="css/handheld.css?v=2"> -->
<!-- All JavaScript at the bottom, except for Modernizr which enables HTML5 elements & feature detects -->
<script src="js/libs/modernizr-2.0.min.js"></script>
<!-- Also put Selectivizr at the top -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/libs/mootools-core-1.3.1-full-compat-yc.js"></script>
<!--[if (gte IE 6)&(lte IE 8)]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/libs/selectivizr.js"></script>
<noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/selectivizr.css" /></noscript>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="en" class="markup-elements">
<div id="page">
<header>
<hgroup>
<h1>The Coding Designer's Survival Kit</h1>
<h2>HTML5</h2>
</hgroup>
Based on examples from <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/">developers.whatwg.org</a>
</header>
<div id="main" role="main">
<section id="sections" class="element-group">
<h1 class="section-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html">Sections</a></h1>
<article id="section" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-section-element">Section</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-section-element">section</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a generic section of a document or application. A section, in this context, is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading.</p>
<div class="markup">
<section>
<h1>Red Delicious</h1>
<p>These bright red apples are the most common found in many
supermarkets.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Granny Smith</h1>
<p>These juicy, green apples make a great filling for
apple pies.</p>
</section>
</div>
</article>
<article id="nav" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-nav-element">Nav</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a section of a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page: a section with navigation links.</p>
<p>Not all groups of links on a page need to be in a <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code> element — only sections that consist of major navigation blocks are appropriate for the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code> element. In particular, it is common for footers to have a short list of links to various pages of a site, such as the terms of service, the home page, and a copyright page. The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code> element alone is sufficient for such cases, without a <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code> element.</p>
<div class="markup">
<nav>
<h1>Navigation</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="">Index of all articles</a></li>
<li><a href="">Things sheeple need to wake up for today</a></li>
<li><a href="">Sheeple we have managed to wake</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<p>A nav element doesn't have to contain a list, it can contain other kinds of content as well. In this navigation block, links are provided in prose:</p>
<div class="markup">
<nav>
<h1>Navigation</h1>
<p>You are on my home page. To the north lies <a href="/blog">my
blog</a>, from whence the sounds of battle can be heard. To the east
you can see a large mountain, upon which many <a
href="/school">school papers</a> are littered. Far up thus mountain
you can spy a little figure who appears to be me, desperately
scribbling a <a href="/school/thesis">thesis</a>.</p>
<p>To the west are several exits. One fun-looking exit is labeled <a
href="http://games.example.com/">"games"</a>. Another more
boring-looking exit is labeled <a
href="http://isp.example.net/">ISP™</a>.</p>
<p>To the south lies a dark and dank <a href="/about">contacts
page</a>. Cobwebs cover its disused entrance, and at one point you
see a rat run quickly out of the page.</p>
</nav>
</div>
</article>
<article id="article" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-article-element">Article</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a self-contained composition in a document, page, application, or site and that is, in principle, independently distributable or reusable, e.g. in syndication. This could be a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent item of content.</p>
<div class="markup">
<article>
<header>
<h1>The Very First Rule of Life</h1>
<p><time pubdate datetime="2009-10-09T14:28-08:00"></time></p>
</header>
<p>If there's a microphone anywhere near you, assume it's hot and
sending whatever you're saying to the world. Seriously.</p>
<p>…</p>
<footer>
<a href="?comments=1">Show comments...</a>
</footer>
</article>
</div>
</article>
<article id="aside" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-aside-element">Aside</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a section of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to the content around the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code> element, and which could be considered separate from that content. Such sections are often represented as sidebars in printed typography.</p>
<div class="markup">
<aside>
<h1>Switzerland</h1>
<p>Switzerland, a land-locked country in the middle of geographic
Europe, has not joined the geopolitical European Union, though it is
a signatory to a number of European treaties.</p>
</aside>
</div>
</article>
<article id="all-headings" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">The h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 elements</a></h2>
<p>These elements <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents" title="represents">represent</a> headings for their sections.</p>
<p>The semantics and meaning of these elements are defined in the section on <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#headings-and-sections">headings and sections</a>.</p>
<p>These two snippets are equivalent in the outline:</p>
<div class="markup">
<h1>Let's call it a draw(ing surface)</h1>
<h2>Diving in</h2>
<h2>Simple shapes</h2>
<h2>Canvas coordinates</h2>
<h3>Canvas coordinates diagram</h3>
<h2>Paths</h2>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<h1>Let's call it a draw(ing surface)</h1>
<section>
<h1>Diving in</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Simple shapes</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Canvas coordinates</h1>
<section>
<h1>Canvas coordinates diagram</h1>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h1>Paths</h1>
</section>
</div>
</article>
<article id="hgroup" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> the heading of a section. The element is used to group a set of <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>–<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code> elements when the heading has multiple levels, such as subheadings, alternative titles, or taglines.</p>
<div class="markup">
<hgroup>
<h1>Dr. Strangelove</h1>
<h2>Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb</h2>
</hgroup>
</div>
</article>
<article id="header" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-header-element">Header</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-header-element">header</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a group of introductory or navigational aids.</p>
<p>A <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-header-element">header</a></code> element is intended to usually contain the section's heading (an <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>–<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code> element or an <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code> element), but this is not required. The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-header-element">header</a></code> element can also be used to wrap a section's table of contents, a search form, or any relevant logos.</p>
<div class="markup">
<header>
<h1>Little Green Guys With Guns</h1>
<nav>
<ul>
<li><a href="/games">Games</a>
<li><a href="/forum">Forum</a>
<li><a href="/download">Download</a>
</ul>
</nav>
<h2>Important News</h2> <!-- this starts a second subsection -->
<!-- this is part of the subsection entitled "Important News" -->
<p>To play today's games you will need to update your client.</p>
<h2>Games</h2> <!-- this starts a third subsection -->
</header>
</div>
</article>
<article id="footer" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-footer-element">Footer</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> a footer for its nearest ancestor <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content">sectioning content</a> or <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#sectioning-root">sectioning root</a> element. A footer typically contains information about its section such as who wrote it, links to related documents, copyright data, and the like.</p>
<p>Here is an example which shows the footer element being used both for a site-wide footer and for a section footer.</p>
<div class="markup">
<article>
<h1>My Favorite Trains</h1>
<p>I love my trains. My favorite train of all time is a Köf.</p>
<p>It is fun to see them pull some coal cars because they look so
dwarfed in comparison.</p>
<footer> <!-- footer for article -->
<P>Published <time pubdate datetime="2009-09-15T14:54-07:00"></time></p>
</footer>
</article>
<footer> <!-- site wide footer -->
<nav>
<p><a href="/credits.html">Credits</a> —
<a href="/tos.html">Terms of Service</a> —
<a href="/index.html">Blog Index</a></p>
</nav>
<p>Copyright © 2009 Gordon Freeman</p>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<article id="address" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-address-element">Address</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-address-element">address</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#represents">represents</a> the contact information for its nearest <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-article-element">article</a></code> or <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/sections.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element ancestor. If that is <a href="dom.html#the-body-element">the body element</a>, then the contact information applies to the document as a whole.</p>
<div class="markup">
<address>
<a href="">Dave Raggett</a>,
<a href="">Arnaud Le Hors</a>,
contact persons for the <a href="">W3C HTML Activity</a>
</address>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section id="grouping" class="element-group">
<h1 class="section-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html">Grouping</a></h1>
<article id="p" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-p-element">p</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a <a href="content-models.html#paragraph">paragraph</a>.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The little kitten gently seated himself on a piece of
carpet. Later in his life, this would be referred to as the time the
cat sat on the mat.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<fieldset>
<legend>Personal information</legend>
<p>
<label>Name: <input name="n"></label>
<label><input name="anon" type="checkbox"> Hide from other users</label>
</p>
<p><label>Address: <textarea name="a"></textarea></label></p>
</fieldset>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>There was once an example from Femley,<br>
Whose markup was of dubious quality.<br>
The validator complained,<br>
So the author was pained,<br>
To move the error from the markup to the rhyming.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="hr" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a <a href="content-models.html#paragraph">paragraph</a>-level thematic break, e.g. a scene change in a story, or a transition to another topic within a section of a reference book.</p>
<div class="markup">
<section>
<h1>Communication</h1>
<p>There are various methods of communication. This section
covers a few of the important ones used by the project.</p>
<hr>
<p>Communication stones seem to come in pairs and have mysterious
properties:</p>
<ul>
<li>They can transfer thoughts in two directions once activated
if used alone.</li>
<li>If used with another device, they can transfer one's
consciousness to another body.</li>
<li>If both stones are used with another device, the
consciousnesses switch bodies.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>Radios use the electromagnetic spectrum in the meter range and
longer.</p>
<hr>
<p>Signal flares use the electromagnetic spectrum in the
nanometer range.</p>
</section>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<section>
<h1>Food</h1>
<p>All food at the project is rationed:</p>
<dl>
<dt>Potatoes</dt>
<dd>Two per day</dd>
<dt>Soup</dt>
<dd>One bowl per day</dd>
</dl>
<hr>
<p>Cooking is done by the chefs on a set rotation.</p>
</section>
</div>
</article>
<article id="pre" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a block of preformatted text, in which structure is represented by typographic conventions rather than by elements.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>This is the <code>Panel</code> constructor:</p>
<pre><code>function Panel(element, canClose, closeHandler) {
this.element = element;
this.canClose = canClose;
this.closeHandler = function () { if (closeHandler) closeHandler() };
}</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<pre><samp>You are in an open field west of a big white house with a boarded
front door.
There is a small mailbox here.
></samp> <kbd>open mailbox</kbd>
<samp>Opening the mailbox reveals:
A leaflet.
></samp></pre>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<pre>
######## ## ## ########
## ## ## ##
## ## ## ##
## ######### ######
## ## ## ##
## ## ## ##
## ## ## ########
###### ####### ######## #### ## ## ######
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ## ## ##
## ## ## ## ## ## #### ## ##
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ####
## ## ## ## ## ## ## #### ## ##
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ## ##
###### ####### ######## #### ## ## ######
######## ######## ###### #### ###### ## ## ######## ######## ## ######
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ## ## ## ## # ## ##
## ## ## ## ## ## #### ## ## ## ## ##
## ## ###### ###### ## ## #### ## ## ## ###### ######## ######
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## #### ## ## ## ##
## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ## ## ## ## ##
######## ######## ###### #### ###### ## ## ######## ## ## ######
____ _ _ _ ___ _
/ ___| _ _ _ ____ _(_)_ ____ _| | | |/ (_) |_
\___ \| | | | '__\ \ / / \ \ / / _` | | | ' /| | __|
___) | |_| | | \ V /| |\ V / (_| | | | . \| | |_
|____/ \__,_|_| \_/ |_| \_/ \__,_|_| |_|\_\_|\__|
</pre>
</div>
</article>
<article id="blockquote" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a section that is quoted from another source.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>His next piece was the aptly named <cite>Sonnet 130</cite>:</p>
<blockquote cite="http://quotes.example.org/s/sonnet130.html">
<p>My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun,<br>
Coral is far more red, than her lips red...</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>He began his list of "lessons" with the following:</p>
<blockquote>One should never assume that his side of
the issue will be recognized, let alone that it will
be conceded to have merits.</blockquote>
<p>He continued with a number of similar points, ending with:</p>
<blockquote>Finally, one should be prepared for the threat
of breakdown in negotiations at any given moment and not
be cowed by the possiblity.</blockquote>
<p>We shall now discuss these points</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="ol" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a list of items, where the items have been intentionally ordered, such that changing the order would change the meaning of the document.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
I first lived there):</p>
<ol>
<li>Switzerland
<li>United Kingdom
<li>United States
<li>Norway
</ol>
</div>
</article>
<article id="ul" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a list of items, where the order of the items is not important — that is, where changing the order would not materially change the meaning of the document.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>I have lived in the following countries:</p>
<ul>
<li>Norway
<li>Switzerland
<li>United Kingdom
<li>United States
</ul>
</div>
</article>
<article id="li" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> a list item. If its parent element is an <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>, <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>, or <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code> element, then the element is an item of the parent element's list, as defined for those elements. Otherwise, the list item has no defined list-related relationship to any other <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element.</p>
<div class="markup">
<figure>
<figcaption>The top 10 movies of all time</figcaption>
<ol>
<li value="10"><cite>Josie and the Pussycats</cite>, 2001</li>
<li value="9"><cite lang="sh">Црна мачка, бели мачор</cite>, 1998</li>
<li value="8"><cite>A Bug's Life</cite>, 1998</li>
<li value="7"><cite>Toy Story</cite>, 1995</li>
<li value="6"><cite>Monsters, Inc</cite>, 2001</li>
<li value="5"><cite>Cars</cite>, 2006</li>
<li value="4"><cite>Toy Story 2</cite>, 1999</li>
<li value="3"><cite>Finding Nemo</cite>, 2003</li>
<li value="2"><cite>The Incredibles</cite>, 2004</li>
<li value="1"><cite>Ratatouille</cite>, 2007</li>
</ol>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<figure>
<figcaption>The top 10 movies of all time</figcaption>
<ol reversed>
<li><cite>Josie and the Pussycats</cite>, 2001</li>
<li><cite lang="sh">Црна мачка, бели мачор</cite>, 1998</li>
<li><cite>A Bug's Life</cite>, 1998</li>
<li><cite>Toy Story</cite>, 1995</li>
<li><cite>Monsters, Inc</cite>, 2001</li>
<li><cite>Cars</cite>, 2006</li>
<li><cite>Toy Story 2</cite>, 1999</li>
<li><cite>Finding Nemo</cite>, 2003</li>
<li><cite>The Incredibles</cite>, 2004</li>
<li><cite>Ratatouille</cite>, 2007</li>
</ol>
</figure>
</div>
</article>
<article id="dl" class="element">
<hgroup>
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></h2>
<h3 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></h3>
<h3 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></h3>
</hgroup>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> an association list consisting of zero or more name-value groups (a description list). Each group must consist of one or more names (<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> elements) followed by one or more values (<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> elements). Within a single <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element, there should not be more than one <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element for each name.</p>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> the term, or name, part of a term-description group in a description list (<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element).</p>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> the description, definition, or value, part of a term-description group in a description list (<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code> element).</p>
<div class="markup">
<dl>
<dt> Authors
<dd> John
<dd> Luke
<dt> Editor
<dd> Frank
</dl>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<dl>
<dt lang="en-US"> <dfn>color</dfn> </dt>
<dt lang="en-GB"> <dfn>colour</dfn> </dt>
<dd> A sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of
the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently
filtered analyses of a view. </dd>
</dl>
</div>
</article>
<article id="figure" class="element">
<hgroup>
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figure-element">figure</a></h2>
<h3 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></h3>
</hgroup>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#represents">represents</a> some <a href="content-models.html#flow-content">flow content</a>, optionally with a caption, that is self-contained and is typically referenced as a single unit from the main flow of the document.</p>
<p>The element can thus be used to annotate illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc, that are referred to from the main content of the document, but that could, without affecting the flow of the document, be moved away from that primary content, e.g. to the side of the page, to dedicated pages, or to an appendix.</p>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element child of the element, if any, represents the caption of the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figure-element">figure</a></code> element's contents. If there is no child <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element">figcaption</a></code> element, then there is no caption.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>In <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/grouping-content.html#l4">listing 4</a> we see the primary core interface
API declaration.</p>
<figure id="l4">
<figcaption>Listing 4. The primary core interface API declaration.</figcaption>
<pre><code>interface PrimaryCore {
boolean verifyDataLine();
void sendData(in sequence<byte> data);
void initSelfDestruct();
}</code></pre>
</figure>
<p>The API is designed to use UTF-8.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<figure>
<img src="http://dummyimage.com/100x100/ccc/fff" alt="Bubbles, sitting in his office chair, works on his latest project intently." />
<figcaption>Bubbles at work</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</article>
</section>
<section id="text" class="element-group">
<h1 class="section-title">Text-level semantics</h1>
<article id="a" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></h2>
<div class="markup">
<nav>
<ul>
<li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li>
<li> <a href="/news">News</a> </li>
<li> <a>Examples</a> </li>
<li> <a href="/legal">Legal</a> </li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element may be wrapped around entire
paragraphs, lists, tables, and so forth, even entire sections, so
long as there is no interactive content within (e.g. buttons or
other links). This example shows how this can be used to make an
entire advertising block into a link:</p>
<div class="markup">
<aside class="advertising">
<h1>Advertising</h1>
<a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=1929&pubid=1422">
<section>
<h1>Mellblomatic 9000!</h1>
<p>Turn all your widgets into mellbloms!</p>
<p>Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling.</p>
</section>
</a>
<a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=375&pubid=1422">
<section>
<h1>The Mellblom Browser</h1>
<p>Web browsing at the speed of light.</p>
<p>No other browser goes faster!</p>
</section>
</a>
</aside>
</div>
</article>
<article id="em" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">em</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">em</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> stress
emphasis of its contents.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p><em>Cats</em> are cute animals.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="strong" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">strong</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">strong</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> strong
importance for its contents.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p><strong>Warning.</strong> This dungeon is dangerous.
<strong>Avoid the ducks.</strong> Take any gold you find.
<strong><strong>Do not take any of the diamonds</strong>,
they are explosive and <strong>will destroy anything within
ten meters.</strong></strong> You have been warned.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="small" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">small</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">small</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> side
comments such as small print.</p>
<div class="markup">
<dl>
<dt>Single room
<dd>199 € <small>breakfast included, VAT not included</small>
<dt>Double room
<dd>239 € <small>breakfast included, VAT not included</small>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>Example Corp today announced record profits for the
second quarter <small>(Full Disclosure: Foo News is a subsidiary of
Example Corp)</small>, leading to speculation about a third quarter
merger with Demo Group.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="s" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element">s</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element">s</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> contents that
are no longer accurate or no longer relevant.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>Buy our Iced Tea and Lemonade!</p>
<p><s>Recommended retail price: $3.99 per bottle</s></p>
<p><strong>Now selling for just $2.99 a bottle!</strong></p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="cite" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">cite</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">cite</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> the title
of a work (e.g.
a book,
a paper,
an essay,
a poem,
a score,
a song,
a script,
a film,
a TV show,
a game,
a sculpture,
a painting,
a theatre production,
a play,
an opera,
a musical,
an exhibition,
a legal case report,
etc). This can be a work that is being quoted or
referenced in detail (i.e. a citation), or it can just be a work
that is mentioned in passing.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>My favorite book is <cite>The Reality Dysfunction</cite> by
Peter F. Hamilton. My favorite comic is <cite>Pearls Before
Swine</cite> by Stephan Pastis. My favorite track is <cite>Jive
Samba</cite> by the Cannonball Adderley Sextet.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="q" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element">q</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element">q</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> some <a href="content-models.html#phrasing-content" title="phrasing content">phrasing content</a> quoted from another
source.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The man said <q>Things that are impossible just take
longer</q>. I disagreed with him.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>The W3C page <cite>About W3C</cite> says the W3C's
mission is <q cite="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/">To lead the
World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and
guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web</q>. I
disagree with this mission.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="dfn" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> the defining
instance of a term. The <a href="content-models.html#paragraph" title="paragraph">paragraph</a>,
<a href="grouping-content.html#the-dl-element" title="dl">description list group</a>, or <a href="content-models.html#sectioning-content" title="sectioning content">section</a> that is the nearest
ancestor of the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code> element must also contain the
definition(s) for the <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#defining-term" title="defining term">term</a> given
by the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element">dfn</a></code> element.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The <dfn><abbr title="Garage Door Opener">GDO</abbr></dfn>
is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.</p>
<!-- ... later in the document: -->
<p>Teal'c activated his <abbr title="Garage Door Opener">GDO</abbr>
and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>The <dfn id=gdo><abbr title="Garage Door Opener">GDO</abbr></dfn>
is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.</p>
<!-- ... later in the document: -->
<p>Teal'c activated his <a href=#gdo><abbr title="Garage Door Opener">GDO</abbr></a>
and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="abbr" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element">abbr</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element">abbr</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> an
abbreviation or acronym, optionally with its expansion. The <dfn id="attr-abbr-title" title="attr-abbr-title"><code>title</code></dfn> attribute may be
used to provide an expansion of the abbreviation. The attribute, if
specified, must contain an expansion of the abbreviation, and
nothing else.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The <dfn id=whatwg><abbr
title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr></dfn>
is a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide
Web.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="time" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element">time</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element">time</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> either a
time on a 24 hour clock, or a precise date in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar, optionally with a time and a time-zone
offset. <a href="references.html#refsGREGORIAN">[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
<div class="markup">
<div class="vevent">
<a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/">http://www.web2con.com/</a>
<span class="summary">Web 2.0 Conference</span>:
<time class="dtstart" datetime="2007-10-05">October 5</time> -
<time class="dtend" datetime="2007-10-20">19</time>,
at the <span class="location">Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>I usually have a snack at <time>16:00</time>.</p>
<p>I've liked model trains since at least 1983.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="code" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">code</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">code</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a fragment
of computer code. This could be an XML element name, a filename, a
computer program, or any other string that a computer would
recognize.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>When you call the <code>activate()</code> method on the
<code>robotSnowman</code> object, the eyes glow.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<pre>
<code class="language-pascal">var i: Integer;
begin
i := 1;
end.</code></pre>
</div>
</article>
<article id="var" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element">var</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element">var</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a
variable. This could be an actual variable in a mathematical
expression or programming context, or it could just be a term used
as a placeholder in prose.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>If there are <var>n</var> pipes leading to the ice
cream factory then I expect at <em>least</em> <var>n</var>
flavors of ice cream to be available for purchase!</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<figure>
<math>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
<mi>+</mi>
<msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
</msqrt>
</math>
<figcaption>
Using Pythagoras' theorem to solve for the hypotenuse <var>a</var> of
a triangle with sides <var>b</var> and <var>c</var>
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</article>
<article id="samp" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element">samp</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element">samp</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> (sample)
output from a program or computing system.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The computer said <samp>Too much cheese in tray
two</samp> but I didn't know what that meant.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<pre>
<samp><span class="prompt">jdoe@mowmow:~$</span> <kbd>ssh demo.example.com</kbd>
Last login: Tue Apr 12 09:10:17 2005 from mowmow.example.com on pts/1
Linux demo 2.6.10-grsec+gg3+e+fhs6b+nfs+gr0501+++p3+c4a+gr2b-reslog-v6.189 #1 SMP Tue Feb 1 11:22:36 PST 2005 i686 unknown
<span class="prompt">jdoe@demo:~$</span> <span class="cursor">_</span></samp>
</pre>
</div>
</article>
<article id="kbd" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element">kbd</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element">kbd</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> user input
(typically keyboard input, although it may also be used to represent
other input, such as voice commands).</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>To make George eat an apple, press <kbd><kbd>Shift</kbd>+<kbd>F3</kbd></kbd></p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="sub-sup" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements">sub and sup</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements">sup</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a
superscript and the <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements">sub</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a>
a subscript.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The most beautiful women are
<span lang="fr"><abbr>M<sup>lle</sup></abbr> Gwendoline</span> and
<span lang="fr"><abbr>M<sup>me</sup></abbr> Denise</span>.</p>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<p>The coordinate of the <var>i</var>th point is
(<var>x<sub><var>i</var></sub></var>, <var>y<sub><var>i</var></sub></var>).
For example, the 10th point has coordinate
(<var>x<sub>10</sub></var>, <var>y<sub>10</sub></var>).</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="i" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a span of text
in an alternate voice or mood, or otherwise offset from the normal
prose, such as a taxonomic designation, a technical term, an
idiomatic phrase from another language, a thought, a ship name, or
some other prose whose typical typographic presentation is
italicized.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The <i class="taxonomy">Felis silvestris catus</i> is cute.</p>
<p>The term <i>prose content</i> is defined above.</p>
<p>There is a certain <i lang="fr">je ne sais quoi</i> in the air.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="b" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a span of text
to be stylistically offset from the normal prose without conveying
any extra importance, such as key words in a document abstract,
product names in a review, or other spans of text whose typical
typographic presentation is boldened.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>The <b>frobonitor</b> and <b>barbinator</b> components are fried.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="mark" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element">mark</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element">mark</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a run of
text in one document marked or highlighted for reference purposes,
due to its relevance in another context. When used in a quotation or
other block of text referred to from the prose, it indicates a
highlight that was not originally present but which has been added
to bring the reader's attention to a part of the text that might not
have been considered important by the original author when the block
was originally written, but which is now under previously unexpected
scrutiny. When used in the main prose of a document, it indicates a
part of the document that has been highlighted due to its likely
relevance to the user's current activity.</p>
<div class="markup">
<p>I also have some <mark>kitten</mark>s who are visiting me
these days. They're really cute. I think they like my garden! Maybe I
should adopt a <mark>kitten</mark>.</p>
</div>
</article>
<article id="ruby" class="element">
<hgroup>
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></h2>
<h3 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></h3>
<h3 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></h3>
</hgroup>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> element allows one or more spans of
phrasing content to be marked with ruby annotations. Ruby
annotations are short runs of text presented alongside base text,
primarily used in East Asian typography as a guide for
pronunciation or to include other annotations. In Japanese, this
form of typography is also known as <i>furigana</i>.</p>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element marks the ruby text component of a
ruby annotation.</p>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element can be used to provide parentheses
around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation, to be shown by
user agents that don't support ruby annotations.</p>
<div class="markup">
<ruby>漢<rt>かん</rt>字<rt>じ </rt></ruby>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<ruby>汉<rt>hàn</rt>字<rt>zì </rt></ruby>
</div>
<div class="markup">
<ruby>
漢 <rp>(</rp><rt>かん</rt><rp>)</rp>
字 <rp>(</rp><rt>じ</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>
</div>
</article>
<article id="bdi" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title"><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element">bdi</a></h2>
<p>The <code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element">bdi</a></code> element <a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#represents">represents</a> a span of
text that is to be isolated from its surroundings for the purposes
of bidirectional text formatting. <a href="references.html#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a></p>
<div class="markup">
<ul>
<li>User <bdi>jcranmer</bdi>: 12 posts.
<li>User <bdi>hober</bdi>: 5 posts.
<li>User <bdi>إيان</bdi>: 3 posts.
</ul>
</div>
</article>
<article id="text-summary" class="element">
<h2 class="element-title">Usage summary</h2>
<div class="markup">
<table>
<thead><tr>
<th>Element
</th>
<th>Purpose
</th>
<th>Example
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>
</td>
<td>Hyperlinks
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">Visit my <strong><a href="drinks.html">drinks</a></strong> page.</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">em</a></code>
</td>
<td>Stress emphasis
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">I must say I <strong><em>adore</em></strong> lemonade.</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">strong</a></code>
</td>
<td>Importance
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">This tea is <strong><strong>very hot</strong></strong>.</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">small</a></code>
</td>
<td>Side comments
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">These grapes are made into wine. <strong><small>Alcohol is addictive.</small></strong></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element">s</a></code>
</td>
<td>Inaccurate text
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">Price: <strong><s>£4.50</s></strong> £2.00!</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><a href="http://developers.whatwg.org/text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element">cite</a></code>
</td>
<td>Titles of works
</td>
<td>
<pre class="example">The case <strong><cite>Hugo v. Danielle</cite></strong> is relevant here.</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>