diff --git a/eng/pipelines/extra-platforms/runtime-extra-platforms-ioslike.yml b/eng/pipelines/extra-platforms/runtime-extra-platforms-ioslike.yml
index 28398159291f3a..d8452fa5c63950 100644
--- a/eng/pipelines/extra-platforms/runtime-extra-platforms-ioslike.yml
+++ b/eng/pipelines/extra-platforms/runtime-extra-platforms-ioslike.yml
@@ -227,8 +227,10 @@ jobs:
     isExtraPlatformsBuild: ${{ parameters.isExtraPlatformsBuild }}
     isiOSLikeOnlyBuild: ${{ parameters.isiOSLikeOnlyBuild }}
     platforms:
+      # Keep the diagnostic run scoped to the dedicated runtime-ioslike pipeline.
+      - ${{ if eq(parameters.isiOSLikeOnlyBuild, true) }}:
+        - ios_arm64
       # Tracking issue: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/123796
-      # - ios_arm64
       # - tvos_arm64
     variables:
       # map dependencies variables to local variables
diff --git a/eng/testing/tests.ioslike.targets b/eng/testing/tests.ioslike.targets
index 5db2b02f21b3b0..43a9f795cd5958 100644
--- a/eng/testing/tests.ioslike.targets
+++ b/eng/testing/tests.ioslike.targets
@@ -10,7 +10,16 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(BuildTestsOnHelix)' == 'true'">
+    <!-- Log Rosetta state before invoking the x64 Helix dotnet-cli on Apple device hosts. -->
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(TargetOS)' == 'ios' or '$(TargetOS)' == 'tvos'">echo "=== Rosetta diagnostics ==="; uname -m; </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) PROC_TRANSLATED=`/usr/sbin/sysctl -n sysctl.proc_translated 2&gt;/dev/null || true`; if [ -n "$PROC_TRANSLATED" ]; then echo "proc_translated=$PROC_TRANSLATED"; else echo "proc_translated=unavailable"; fi; </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) if /usr/sbin/pkgutil --pkg-info com.apple.pkg.RosettaUpdateAuto 2&gt;/dev/null; then echo "rosetta_receipt=present"; else echo "rosetta_receipt=missing"; fi; </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) if [ -e /Library/Apple/usr/libexec/oah/libRosettaRuntime ]; then echo "rosetta_runtime=present"; else echo "rosetta_runtime=missing"; fi; </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) if /usr/bin/arch -x86_64 /usr/bin/true &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1; then echo "x64_exec_works=true"; else echo "x64_exec_works=false"; fi; echo "DOTNET_ROOT=$DOTNET_ROOT"; </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+    <_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) if [ -n "$DOTNET_ROOT" ] &amp;&amp; [ -e "$DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet" ]; then echo "dotnet_host=$DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet"; /usr/bin/file "$DOTNET_ROOT/dotnet" || true; else echo "dotnet_host=missing"; fi; echo "=== End Rosetta diagnostics ===" </_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand>
+
     <_AOTBuildCommand>export PATH=$HELIX_CORRELATION_PAYLOAD/build/cmake/cmake-3.28.0-macos-universal/CMake.app/Contents/bin:$PATH &amp;&amp; </_AOTBuildCommand>
+    <_AOTBuildCommand Condition="'$(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand)' != ''">$(_AOTBuildCommand) $(_RosettaDiagnosticsCommand) &amp;&amp; </_AOTBuildCommand>
     <_AOTBuildCommand>$(_AOTBuildCommand) dotnet msbuild publish/ProxyProjectForAOTOnHelix.proj /bl:$XHARNESS_OUT/AOTBuild.binlog</_AOTBuildCommand>
 
     <!-- running aot-helix tests locally, so we can test with the same project file as CI -->