diff --git a/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb b/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb
index 688e38c..88a9a3d 100644
--- a/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb
+++ b/lib/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport.rb
@@ -267,6 +267,9 @@ def handle_post(request)
           accept_error = validate_accept_header(request, REQUIRED_POST_ACCEPT_TYPES)
           return accept_error if accept_error
 
+          content_type_error = validate_content_type(request)
+          return content_type_error if content_type_error
+
           body_string = request.body.read
           session_id = extract_session_id(request)
 
@@ -399,6 +402,18 @@ def parse_accept_header(header)
           end
         end
 
+        def validate_content_type(request)
+          content_type = request.env["CONTENT_TYPE"]
+          media_type = content_type&.split(";")&.first&.strip&.downcase
+          return if media_type == "application/json"
+
+          [
+            415,
+            { "Content-Type" => "application/json" },
+            [{ error: "Unsupported Media Type: Content-Type must be application/json" }.to_json],
+          ]
+        end
+
         def not_acceptable_response(required_types)
           [
             406,
diff --git a/test/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport_test.rb b/test/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport_test.rb
index 7435289..a462050 100644
--- a/test/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport_test.rb
+++ b/test/mcp/server/transports/streamable_http_transport_test.rb
@@ -1143,6 +1143,51 @@ def string
           assert_equal "Method not allowed", body["error"]
         end
 
+        test "POST request without Content-Type returns 415" do
+          request = create_rack_request_without_accept(
+            "POST",
+            "/",
+            { "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "application/json, text/event-stream" },
+            { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "initialize", id: "123" }.to_json,
+          )
+
+          response = @transport.handle_request(request)
+          assert_equal 415, response[0]
+
+          body = JSON.parse(response[2][0])
+          assert_equal "Unsupported Media Type: Content-Type must be application/json", body["error"]
+        end
+
+        test "POST request with wrong Content-Type returns 415" do
+          request = create_rack_request_without_accept(
+            "POST",
+            "/",
+            {
+              "CONTENT_TYPE" => "text/plain",
+              "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "application/json, text/event-stream",
+            },
+            { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "initialize", id: "123" }.to_json,
+          )
+
+          response = @transport.handle_request(request)
+          assert_equal 415, response[0]
+        end
+
+        test "POST request with Content-Type including charset succeeds" do
+          request = create_rack_request_without_accept(
+            "POST",
+            "/",
+            {
+              "CONTENT_TYPE" => "application/json; charset=utf-8",
+              "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "application/json, text/event-stream",
+            },
+            { jsonrpc: "2.0", method: "initialize", id: "123" }.to_json,
+          )
+
+          response = @transport.handle_request(request)
+          assert_equal 200, response[0]
+        end
+
         test "POST request without Accept header returns 406" do
           request = create_rack_request_without_accept(
             "POST",