diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
index 0ea268bcec7ece..3a8a34051eaa9d 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js
@@ -1929,6 +1929,15 @@ Module._extensions['.js'] = function(module, filename) {
     } else {
       format = 'typescript';
     }
+  } else if (path.extname(filename) === '') {
+    // Extensionless files skip the .js suffix check above. When type is explicit,
+    // follow it so ESM syntax surfaces as SyntaxError for commonjs instead of
+    // silently delegating to ESM.
+    pkg = packageJsonReader.getNearestParentPackageJSON(filename);
+    const typeFromPjson = pkg?.data?.type;
+    if (typeFromPjson === 'commonjs' || typeFromPjson === 'module') {
+      format = typeFromPjson;
+    }
   }
   const { source, format: loadedFormat } = loadSource(module, filename, format);
   // Function require shouldn't be used in ES modules when require(esm) is disabled.
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js b/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..c5aef8fde8b47c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/es-module/test-extensionless-esm-type-commonjs.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const { spawnSyncAndAssert } = require('../common/child_process');
+const fixtures = require('../common/fixtures');
+
+const commonjsDir = fixtures.path('es-modules', 'extensionless-esm-commonjs');
+
+spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, ['--no-experimental-detect-module', './script'], {
+  cwd: commonjsDir,
+  encoding: 'utf8',
+}, {
+  status: 1,
+  stderr: /.+/,
+  trim: true,
+});
+
+const moduleDir = fixtures.path('es-modules', 'extensionless-esm-module');
+
+spawnSyncAndAssert(process.execPath, ['--no-experimental-detect-module', './script'], {
+  cwd: moduleDir,
+  encoding: 'utf8',
+}, {
+  stdout: /script STARTED[\s\S]*v\d+\./,
+  trim: true,
+});
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/package.json b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..5bbefffbabee39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "type": "commonjs"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/script b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/script
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..75798ebfc99202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-commonjs/script
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+console.log('script STARTED')
+import { version } from 'node:process'
+console.log(version)
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/package.json b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3dbc1ca591c055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "type": "module"
+}
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/script b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/script
new file mode 100755
index 00000000000000..75798ebfc99202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-modules/extensionless-esm-module/script
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+console.log('script STARTED')
+import { version } from 'node:process'
+console.log(version)