diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 0a0aa36d4f..d3781c7fb0 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- `opentelemetry-sdk`: Add `process` resource detector support to declarative file configuration via `detection_development.detectors[].process`
+  ([#5001](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5001))
 - `opentelemetry-sdk`: Add shared `_parse_headers` helper for declarative config OTLP exporters
   ([#5021](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5021))
 - `opentelemetry-api`: Replace a broad exception in attribute cleaning tests to satisfy pylint in the `lint-opentelemetry-api` CI job
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_resource.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_resource.py
index d58bd4d31d..df219de973 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_resource.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_configuration/_resource.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import (
     _DEFAULT_RESOURCE,
     SERVICE_NAME,
+    ProcessResourceDetector,
     Resource,
 )
 
@@ -149,6 +150,8 @@ def _run_detectors(
     is updated in-place; later detectors overwrite earlier ones for the
     same key.
     """
+    if detector_config.process is not None:
+        detected_attrs.update(ProcessResourceDetector().detect().attributes)
 
 
 def _filter_attributes(
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_resource.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_resource.py
index b50bc03fff..bc8b3f69bf 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_resource.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/_configuration/test_resource.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import os
+import sys
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
@@ -20,9 +21,13 @@
 from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration.models import (
     AttributeNameValue,
     AttributeType,
+    ExperimentalResourceDetection,
+    ExperimentalResourceDetector,
 )
 from opentelemetry.sdk._configuration.models import Resource as ResourceConfig
 from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import (
+    PROCESS_PID,
+    PROCESS_RUNTIME_NAME,
     SERVICE_NAME,
     TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE,
     TELEMETRY_SDK_NAME,
@@ -295,3 +300,70 @@ def test_attributes_list_invalid_pair_skipped(self):
         self.assertEqual(resource.attributes["foo"], "bar")
         self.assertNotIn("no-equals", resource.attributes)
         self.assertTrue(any("no-equals" in msg for msg in cm.output))
+
+
+class TestProcessResourceDetector(unittest.TestCase):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _config_with_process() -> ResourceConfig:
+        return ResourceConfig(
+            detection_development=ExperimentalResourceDetection(
+                detectors=[ExperimentalResourceDetector(process={})]
+            )
+        )
+
+    def test_process_detector_adds_process_attributes(self):
+        resource = create_resource(self._config_with_process())
+        self.assertIn(PROCESS_PID, resource.attributes)
+        self.assertEqual(resource.attributes[PROCESS_PID], os.getpid())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            resource.attributes[PROCESS_RUNTIME_NAME],
+            sys.implementation.name,
+        )
+
+    def test_process_detector_also_includes_sdk_defaults(self):
+        resource = create_resource(self._config_with_process())
+        self.assertEqual(resource.attributes[TELEMETRY_SDK_LANGUAGE], "python")
+        self.assertIn(TELEMETRY_SDK_VERSION, resource.attributes)
+
+    def test_process_detector_not_run_when_absent(self):
+        resource = create_resource(ResourceConfig())
+        self.assertNotIn(PROCESS_PID, resource.attributes)
+
+    def test_process_detector_not_run_when_detection_development_is_none(self):
+        resource = create_resource(ResourceConfig(detection_development=None))
+        self.assertNotIn(PROCESS_PID, resource.attributes)
+
+    def test_process_detector_not_run_when_detectors_list_empty(self):
+        config = ResourceConfig(
+            detection_development=ExperimentalResourceDetection(detectors=[])
+        )
+        resource = create_resource(config)
+        self.assertNotIn(PROCESS_PID, resource.attributes)
+
+    def test_explicit_attributes_override_process_detector(self):
+        """Config attributes win over detector-provided values."""
+        config = ResourceConfig(
+            attributes=[
+                AttributeNameValue(
+                    name="process.pid", value=99999, type=AttributeType.int
+                )
+            ],
+            detection_development=ExperimentalResourceDetection(
+                detectors=[ExperimentalResourceDetector(process={})]
+            ),
+        )
+        resource = create_resource(config)
+        self.assertEqual(resource.attributes[PROCESS_PID], 99999)
+
+    def test_multiple_detector_entries_run_process_once(self):
+        """Multiple detector list entries each with process={} should still work."""
+        config = ResourceConfig(
+            detection_development=ExperimentalResourceDetection(
+                detectors=[
+                    ExperimentalResourceDetector(process={}),
+                    ExperimentalResourceDetector(process={}),
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+        resource = create_resource(config)
+        self.assertEqual(resource.attributes[PROCESS_PID], os.getpid())