diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 69f38f3f482fa3..0d02e2db09eb5b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -75,17 +75,17 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo rm /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@e296a935590eb16afc0c0108289f68c87e2a89a5 # v4.30.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           trap-caching: false
           debug: true
 
       - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@e296a935590eb16afc0c0108289f68c87e2a89a5 # v4.30.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@e296a935590eb16afc0c0108289f68c87e2a89a5 # v4.30.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
         with:
           category: '/language:${{ matrix.language }}'
           upload: False
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
 
       - name: Upload SARIF
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@e296a935590eb16afc0c0108289f68c87e2a89a5 # v4.30.7
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@9e907b5e64f6b83e7804b09294d44122997950d6 # v4.32.3
         with:
           sarif_file: sarif-results/${{ matrix.language }}.sarif
         continue-on-error: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
index b8e5af7f0f6e65..1393ffd6ddc199 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           # Using the same setup as ZJIT jobs
-          - bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=lobsters,shipit'
+          - bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml b/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml
index 820fa91f1a1e90..4b4b49473b7df9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/zjit-macos.yml
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
           # Test --call-threshold=2 with 2 iterations in total
           - ruby_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=2'
-            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=lobsters,shipit'
+            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
             configure: '--enable-zjit=dev_nodebug' # --enable-zjit=dev is too slow
 
     runs-on: macos-14
diff --git a/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml b/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml
index d3e954bd723cb8..03ece9906bc772 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/zjit-ubuntu.yml
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ jobs:
         include:
           # Test --call-threshold=2 with 2 iterations in total
           - ruby_opts: '--zjit-call-threshold=2'
-            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=lobsters,shipit'
+            bench_opts: '--warmup=1 --bench=1 --excludes=shipit'
             configure: '--enable-zjit=dev_nodebug' # --enable-zjit=dev is too slow
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
index 5ba7fef4a8601d..383414ae2e8716 100644
--- a/common.mk
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@ timestamp/distclean:: ext/distclean .bundle/distclean
 timestamp/realclean:: ext/realclean .bundle/realclean
 
 timestamp/clean timestamp/distclean timestamp/realclean::
-	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
+	$(Q)$(RM) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/.*.time $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch)/.time
 	$(Q)$(RMDIRS) $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/$(arch) $(TIMESTAMPDIR) 2> $(NULL) || $(NULLCMD)
 
 clean-ext::
@@ -900,8 +900,8 @@ test: test-short
 
 # Separate to skip updating encs and exts by `make -o test-precheck`
 # for GNU make.
-test-precheck: $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_BUILD) exts PHONY $(DOT_WAIT)
-yes-test-all-precheck: programs $(DOT_WAIT) test-precheck
+test-precheck: $(ENCSTATIC:static=lib)encs exts PHONY $(DOT_WAIT)
+yes-test-all-precheck: programs $(DOT_WAIT) test-precheck yes-fake
 
 PRECHECK_TEST_ALL = yes-test-all-precheck
 
@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ $(RBCONFIG):
 test-rubyspec: test-spec
 yes-test-rubyspec: yes-test-spec
 
-yes-test-spec-precheck: yes-test-all-precheck yes-fake
+yes-test-spec-precheck: yes-test-all-precheck $(RUBYSPEC_CAPIEXT_BUILD)
 
 test-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-spec
 yes-test-spec: yes-test-spec-precheck
@@ -1561,8 +1561,11 @@ yes-install-for-test-bundled-gems: yes-update-default-gemspecs
 
 test-bundled-gems-fetch: yes-test-bundled-gems-fetch
 yes-test-bundled-gems-fetch: clone-bundled-gems-src
-clone-bundled-gems-src: PHONY
+clone-bundled-gems-src: PHONY $(TIMESTAMPDIR)/bundled-gems-src.time
+$(TIMESTAMPDIR)/bundled-gems-src.time: $(srcdir)/gems/bundled_gems
+	$(Q) $(MAKEDIRS) $(@D)
 	$(Q) $(BASERUBY) -C $(srcdir) tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb BUNDLED_GEMS="$(BUNDLED_GEMS)" gems/src gems/bundled_gems
+	$(Q) $(TOUCH) $@
 no-test-bundled-gems-fetch:
 
 test-bundled-gems-prepare: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-prepare
@@ -1596,7 +1599,7 @@ yes-test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 no-test-bundled-gems-run: $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 
 test-bundled-gems-spec: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundled-gems-spec
-yes-test-bundled-gems-spec: yes-test-spec-precheck $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
+yes-test-bundled-gems-spec: yes-test-all-precheck $(PREPARE_BUNDLED_GEMS)
 	$(ACTIONS_GROUP)
 	$(gnumake_recursive)$(Q) \
 	$(RUNRUBY) -r./$(arch)-fake -r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
@@ -1635,6 +1638,8 @@ test-bundler: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler
 yes-test-bundler: $(PREPARE_BUNDLER)
 	$(gnumake_recursive)$(XRUBY) \
 		-r./$(arch)-fake \
+		-r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
+		-e '$$no_report_tmpdir = true' \
 		-I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler -I$(srcdir)/spec/lib \
 		-e 'Dir.chdir(ARGV.shift); load("spec/bin/rspec")' $(srcdir) \
 		-r spec_helper $(RSPECOPTS) spec/bundler/$(BUNDLER_SPECS)
@@ -1645,6 +1650,8 @@ test-bundler-parallel: $(TEST_RUNNABLE)-test-bundler-parallel
 yes-test-bundler-parallel: $(PREPARE_BUNDLER)
 	$(gnumake_recursive)$(XRUBY) \
 		-r./$(arch)-fake \
+		-r$(tooldir)/lib/_tmpdir \
+		-e '$$no_report_tmpdir = true' \
 		-I$(srcdir)/spec/bundler \
 		-e "ruby = ENV['RUBY']" \
 		-e "ARGV[-1] = File.expand_path(ARGV[-1])" \
diff --git a/complex.c b/complex.c
index c47afc1a61df73..30220f254b23c7 100644
--- a/complex.c
+++ b/complex.c
@@ -52,20 +52,6 @@ static ID id_abs, id_arg,
 #define id_quo idQuo
 #define id_fdiv idFdiv
 
-#define fun1(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 0);\
-}
-
-#define fun2(n) \
-inline static VALUE \
-f_##n(VALUE x, VALUE y)\
-{\
-    return rb_funcall(x, id_##n, 1, y);\
-}
-
 #define PRESERVE_SIGNEDZERO
 
 inline static VALUE
@@ -276,8 +262,6 @@ f_to_f(VALUE x)
     return rb_funcall(x, id_to_f, 0);
 }
 
-fun1(to_r)
-
 inline static int
 f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 {
@@ -288,8 +272,18 @@ f_eqeq_p(VALUE x, VALUE y)
     return (int)rb_equal(x, y);
 }
 
-fun2(expt)
-fun2(fdiv)
+static VALUE
+f_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_int_fdiv(x, y);
+    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x))
+        return rb_float_div(x, y);
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL))
+        return rb_rational_fdiv(x, y);
+
+    return rb_funcallv(x, id_fdiv, 1, &y);
+}
 
 static VALUE
 f_quo(VALUE x, VALUE y)
@@ -318,24 +312,6 @@ f_negative_p(VALUE x)
 
 #define f_positive_p(x) (!f_negative_p(x))
 
-inline static bool
-f_zero_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
-        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
-    }
-    else if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
-    }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
-        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
-    }
-    return rb_equal(x, ZERO) != 0;
-}
-
-#define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
-
 static inline bool
 always_finite_type_p(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -1216,11 +1192,10 @@ rb_complex_pow(VALUE self, VALUE other)
         if (RB_BIGNUM_TYPE_P(other))
             rb_warn("in a**b, b may be too big");
 
-        r = f_abs(self);
-        theta = f_arg(self);
+        r = rb_num_pow(f_abs(self), other);
+        theta = f_mul(f_arg(self), other);
 
-        return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), f_expt(r, other),
-                               f_mul(theta, other));
+        return f_complex_polar(CLASS_OF(self), r, theta);
     }
     return rb_num_coerce_bin(self, other, id_expt);
 }
@@ -1873,7 +1848,7 @@ nucomp_to_r(VALUE self)
                      self);
         }
     }
-    return f_to_r(dat->real);
+    return rb_funcallv(dat->real, id_to_r, 0, 0);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/internal/numeric.h b/internal/numeric.h
index d3905f048c2ab5..6391b1e9bc0f5c 100644
--- a/internal/numeric.h
+++ b/internal/numeric.h
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ VALUE rb_int_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_gt(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_ge(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 enum ruby_num_rounding_mode rb_num_get_rounding_option(VALUE opts);
+VALUE rb_int_fdiv(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 double rb_int_fdiv_double(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_int_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_float_pow(VALUE x, VALUE y);
diff --git a/internal/rational.h b/internal/rational.h
index f11fab4583b32e..f7e382af8cf8a5 100644
--- a/internal/rational.h
+++ b/internal/rational.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ VALUE rb_rational_plus(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_minus(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_mul(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_rational_div(VALUE self, VALUE other);
+VALUE rb_rational_fdiv(VALUE self, VALUE other);
 VALUE rb_lcm(VALUE x, VALUE y);
 VALUE rb_rational_reciprocal(VALUE x);
 VALUE rb_cstr_to_rat(const char *, int);
@@ -68,4 +69,22 @@ RATIONAL_SET_DEN(VALUE r, VALUE d)
     RB_OBJ_WRITE(r, &RRATIONAL(r)->den, d);
 }
 
+inline static bool
+f_zero_p(VALUE x)
+{
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_FLOAT_TYPE_P(x)) {
+        return FLOAT_ZERO_P(x);
+    }
+    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
+        const VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
+        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
+    }
+    return rb_equal(x, INT2FIX(0)) != 0;
+}
+
+#define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
+
 #endif /* INTERNAL_RATIONAL_H */
diff --git a/lib/bundler/plugin.rb b/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
index fd6da6cf6dec71..3c68e5181224db 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/plugin.rb
@@ -253,10 +253,13 @@ def loaded?(plugin)
     # @param [Array<String>] names of inferred source plugins that can be ignored
     def save_plugins(plugins, specs, optional_plugins = [])
       plugins.each do |name|
-        next if index.installed?(name)
-
         spec = specs[name]
 
+        # It's possible that the `plugin` found in the Gemfile don't appear in the specs. For instance when
+        # calling `BUNDLE_WITHOUT=default bundle install`, the plugins will not get installed.
+        next if spec.nil?
+        next if index.installed?(name)
+
         save_plugin(name, spec, optional_plugins.include?(name))
       end
     end
diff --git a/rational.c b/rational.c
index fba93a5c3ff550..d207fb7f4581f9 100644
--- a/rational.c
+++ b/rational.c
@@ -175,22 +175,6 @@ f_idiv(VALUE x, VALUE y)
 
 #define f_expt10(x) rb_int_pow(INT2FIX(10), x)
 
-inline static int
-f_zero_p(VALUE x)
-{
-    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(x)) {
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(x);
-    }
-    else if (RB_TYPE_P(x, T_RATIONAL)) {
-        VALUE num = RRATIONAL(x)->num;
-
-        return FIXNUM_ZERO_P(num);
-    }
-    return (int)rb_equal(x, ZERO);
-}
-
-#define f_nonzero_p(x) (!f_zero_p(x))
-
 inline static int
 f_one_p(VALUE x)
 {
@@ -970,8 +954,8 @@ rb_rational_div(VALUE self, VALUE other)
  *    Rational(2, 3).fdiv(0.5)     #=> 1.3333333333333333
  *    Rational(2).fdiv(3)          #=> 0.6666666666666666
  */
-static VALUE
-nurat_fdiv(VALUE self, VALUE other)
+VALUE
+rb_rational_fdiv(VALUE self, VALUE other)
 {
     VALUE div;
     if (f_zero_p(other))
@@ -2774,7 +2758,7 @@ Init_Rational(void)
     rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "*", rb_rational_mul, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "/", rb_rational_div, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "quo", rb_rational_div, 1);
-    rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "fdiv", nurat_fdiv, 1);
+    rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "fdiv", rb_rational_fdiv, 1);
     rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "**", nurat_expt, 1);
 
     rb_define_method(rb_cRational, "<=>", rb_rational_cmp, 1);
diff --git a/spec/bundler/install/global_cache_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/install/global_cache_spec.rb
index 77ab94609ee566..d0eb27065bd5e6 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/install/global_cache_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/install/global_cache_spec.rb
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ def source2_global_cache(*segments)
     end
 
     it "shows a proper error message if a cached gem is corrupted" do
+      skip "This example is not working on ruby/ruby repo" if ruby_core?
+
       source_global_cache.mkpath
       FileUtils.touch(source_global_cache("myrack-1.0.0.gem"))
 
diff --git a/spec/bundler/plugins/install_spec.rb b/spec/bundler/plugins/install_spec.rb
index 6cace961f5228b..36672f0085e617 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/plugins/install_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/bundler/plugins/install_spec.rb
@@ -265,6 +265,18 @@ def exec(command, args)
       plugin_should_be_installed("foo")
     end
 
+    it "respects bundler groups" do
+      gemfile <<-G
+        source 'https://gem.repo2'
+        plugin 'foo'
+        gem 'myrack', "1.0.0"
+      G
+
+      bundle "install", env: { "BUNDLE_WITHOUT" => "default" }
+
+      expect(out).to include("Bundle complete! 1 Gemfile dependency, 0 gems now installed.")
+    end
+
     it "accepts plugin version" do
       update_repo2 do
         build_plugin "foo", "1.1.0"
diff --git a/tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb b/tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb
index 127ea236f3d5e4..4d2af06a8503c7 100755
--- a/tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb
+++ b/tool/fetch-bundled_gems.rb
@@ -28,16 +28,10 @@
   system(*%W"git clone --depth=1 --no-tags #{u} #{n}") or abort
 end
 
-if r
-  puts "fetching #{color.notice(r)} ..."
-  system("git", "fetch", "origin", r, chdir: n) or abort
-  c = r
-else
-  c = ["v#{v}", v].find do |c|
-    puts "fetching #{color.notice(c)} ..."
-    system("git", "fetch", "origin", "refs/tags/#{c}:refs/tags/#{c}", chdir: n)
-  end or abort
-end
+c = (r ? [r] : ["v#{v}", v]).find do |c|
+  puts "fetching #{n} #{color.notice(c)} ..."
+  system("git", "fetch", "origin", r || "refs/tags/#{c}:refs/tags/#{c}", chdir: n)
+end or abort
 
 checkout = %w"git -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout"
 info = %[, r=#{color.info(r)}] if r
diff --git a/tool/lib/_tmpdir.rb b/tool/lib/_tmpdir.rb
index daa1a1f2350c69..1518d46ee585cf 100644
--- a/tool/lib/_tmpdir.rb
+++ b/tool/lib/_tmpdir.rb
@@ -28,66 +28,68 @@
       Dir.rmdir(tmpdir)
     rescue Errno::ENOENT
     rescue Errno::ENOTEMPTY
-      require_relative "colorize"
-      colorize = Colorize.new
-      ls = Struct.new(:colorize) do
-        def mode_inspect(m, s)
-          [
-            (m & 0o4 == 0 ? ?- : ?r),
-            (m & 0o2 == 0 ? ?- : ?w),
-            (m & 0o1 == 0 ? (s ? s.upcase : ?-) : (s || ?x)),
-          ]
-        end
-        def decorate_path(path, st)
-          case
-          when st.directory?
-            color = "bold;blue"
-            type = "/"
-          when st.symlink?
-            color = "bold;cyan"
-            # type = "@"
-          when st.executable?
-            color = "bold;green"
-            type = "*"
-          when path.end_with?(".gem")
-            color = "green"
+      unless $no_report_tmpdir
+        require_relative "colorize"
+        colorize = Colorize.new
+        ls = Struct.new(:colorize) do
+          def mode_inspect(m, s)
+            [
+              (m & 0o4 == 0 ? ?- : ?r),
+              (m & 0o2 == 0 ? ?- : ?w),
+              (m & 0o1 == 0 ? (s ? s.upcase : ?-) : (s || ?x)),
+            ]
           end
-          colorize.decorate(path, color) + (type || "")
-        end
-        def list_tree(parent, indent = "", &block)
-          children = Dir.children(parent).map do |child|
-            [child, path = File.join(parent, child), File.lstat(path)]
+          def decorate_path(path, st)
+            case
+            when st.directory?
+              color = "bold;blue"
+              type = "/"
+            when st.symlink?
+              color = "bold;cyan"
+            # type = "@"
+            when st.executable?
+              color = "bold;green"
+              type = "*"
+            when path.end_with?(".gem")
+              color = "green"
+            end
+            colorize.decorate(path, color) + (type || "")
           end
-          nlink_width = children.map {|child, path, st| st.nlink}.max.to_s.size
-          size_width = children.map {|child, path, st| st.size}.max.to_s.size
+          def list_tree(parent, indent = "", &block)
+            children = Dir.children(parent).map do |child|
+              [child, path = File.join(parent, child), File.lstat(path)]
+            end
+            nlink_width = children.map {|child, path, st| st.nlink}.max.to_s.size
+            size_width = children.map {|child, path, st| st.size}.max.to_s.size
 
-          children.each do |child, path, st|
-            m = st.mode
-            m = [
-              (st.file? ? ?- : st.ftype[0]),
-              mode_inspect(m >> 6, (?s unless m & 04000 == 0)),
-              mode_inspect(m >> 3, (?s unless m & 02000 == 0)),
-              mode_inspect(m,      (?t unless m & 01000 == 0)),
-            ].join("")
-            warn sprintf("%s* %s %*d %*d %s % s%s",
-                         indent, m, nlink_width, st.nlink, size_width, st.size,
-                         st.mtime.to_s, decorate_path(child,  st),
-                         (" -> " + decorate_path(File.readlink(path), File.stat(path)) if
-                           st.symlink?))
-            if st.directory?
-              list_tree(File.join(parent, child), indent + "  ", &block)
+            children.each do |child, path, st|
+              m = st.mode
+              m = [
+                (st.file? ? ?- : st.ftype[0]),
+                mode_inspect(m >> 6, (?s unless m & 04000 == 0)),
+                mode_inspect(m >> 3, (?s unless m & 02000 == 0)),
+                mode_inspect(m,      (?t unless m & 01000 == 0)),
+              ].join("")
+              warn sprintf("%s* %s %*d %*d %s % s%s",
+                           indent, m, nlink_width, st.nlink, size_width, st.size,
+                           st.mtime.to_s, decorate_path(child,  st),
+                           (" -> " + decorate_path(File.readlink(path), File.stat(path)) if
+                             st.symlink?))
+              if st.directory?
+                list_tree(File.join(parent, child), indent + "  ", &block)
+              end
+              yield path, st if block
             end
-            yield path, st if block
           end
-        end
-      end.new(colorize)
-      warn colorize.notice("Children under ")+colorize.fail(tmpdir)+":"
-      Dir.chdir(tmpdir) do
-        ls.list_tree(".") do |path, st|
-          if st.directory?
-            Dir.rmdir(path)
-          else
-            File.unlink(path)
+        end.new(colorize)
+        warn colorize.notice("Children under ")+colorize.fail(tmpdir)+":"
+        Dir.chdir(tmpdir) do
+          ls.list_tree(".") do |path, st|
+            if st.directory?
+              Dir.rmdir(path)
+            else
+              File.unlink(path)
+            end
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/tool/test-bundled-gems.rb b/tool/test-bundled-gems.rb
index 778fe3311aa6f4..58394f4d517bc7 100644
--- a/tool/test-bundled-gems.rb
+++ b/tool/test-bundled-gems.rb
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
   puts "#{github_actions ? "::group::\e\[93m" : "\n"}Testing the #{gem} gem#{github_actions ? "\e\[m" : ""}"
   print "[command]" if github_actions
   p test_command
+  start_at = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
   timeouts = {nil => first_timeout, INT: 30, TERM: 10, KILL: nil}
   if /mingw|mswin/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
     timeouts.delete(:TERM)      # Inner process signal on Windows
@@ -119,12 +120,17 @@
     break
   end
 
+  elapsed = Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start_at
   print "::endgroup::\n" if github_actions
-  unless $?.success?
 
+  t = " in %.6f sec" % elapsed
+
+  if $?.success?
+    puts colorize.decorate("Test passed#{t}", "pass")
+  else
     mesg = "Tests failed " +
            ($?.signaled? ? "by SIG#{Signal.signame($?.termsig)}" :
-              "with exit code #{$?.exitstatus}")
+              "with exit code #{$?.exitstatus}") + t
     puts colorize.decorate(mesg, "fail")
     if allowed_failures.include?(gem)
       mesg = "Ignoring test failures for #{gem} due to \$TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES or DEFAULT_ALLOWED_FAILURES"
diff --git a/zjit.rb b/zjit.rb
index f73ef12a63b06f..7c515c391b95c6 100644
--- a/zjit.rb
+++ b/zjit.rb
@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@ def stats_string
     if stats[:guard_shape_count]&.nonzero?
       stats[:guard_shape_exit_ratio] = stats[:exit_guard_shape_failure].to_f / stats[:guard_shape_count] * 100
     end
+    if stats[:code_region_bytes]&.nonzero?
+      stats[:side_exit_size_ratio] = stats[:side_exit_size].to_f / stats[:code_region_bytes] * 100
+    end
 
     # Show counters independent from exit_* or dynamic_send_*
     print_counters_with_prefix(prefix: 'not_inlined_cfuncs_', prompt: 'not inlined C methods', buf:, stats:, limit: 20)
@@ -239,7 +242,9 @@ def stats_string
       :guard_shape_count,
       :guard_shape_exit_ratio,
 
+      :side_exit_size,
       :code_region_bytes,
+      :side_exit_size_ratio,
       :zjit_alloc_bytes,
       :total_mem_bytes,
 
@@ -291,7 +296,7 @@ def print_counters(keys, buf:, stats:, right_align: false, base: nil)
       case key
       when :ratio_in_zjit
         value = '%0.1f%%' % value
-      when :guard_type_exit_ratio, :guard_shape_exit_ratio
+      when :guard_type_exit_ratio, :guard_shape_exit_ratio, :side_exit_size_ratio
         value = '%0.1f%%' % value
       when /_time_ns\z/
         key = key.to_s.sub(/_time_ns\z/, '_time')
diff --git a/zjit/src/backend/lir.rs b/zjit/src/backend/lir.rs
index b2ec95a9d4a84c..0a504b8bcc8b4a 100644
--- a/zjit/src/backend/lir.rs
+++ b/zjit/src/backend/lir.rs
@@ -2273,6 +2273,15 @@ impl Assembler
         // Map from SideExit to compiled Label. This table is used to deduplicate side exit code.
         let mut compiled_exits: HashMap<SideExit, Label> = HashMap::new();
 
+        // Mark the start of side-exit code so we can measure its size
+        if !targets.is_empty() {
+            self.pos_marker(move |start_pos, cb| {
+                let end_pos = cb.get_write_ptr();
+                let size = end_pos.as_offset() - start_pos.as_offset();
+                crate::stats::incr_counter_by(crate::stats::Counter::side_exit_size, size as u64);
+            });
+        }
+
         for ((block_id, idx), target) in targets {
             // Compile a side exit. Note that this is past the split pass and alloc_regs(),
             // so you can't use an instruction that returns a VReg.
diff --git a/zjit/src/stats.rs b/zjit/src/stats.rs
index 6fc754007f6a82..b9771aad0a7b03 100644
--- a/zjit/src/stats.rs
+++ b/zjit/src/stats.rs
@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ make_counters! {
         profile_time_ns,
         gc_time_ns,
         invalidation_time_ns,
+
+        side_exit_size,
     }
 
     // Exit counters that are summed as side_exit_count