chore: remove cruft left over from removing components

[dancormier]

This PR removes cruft left behind when removing components in #2187.

Notable changes

• I decided to port styles from the Card and Topbar components in our docs-specific Less as .docs-card and .docs-topbar so we can fully remove those components
• I gave the topbar a fresh coat of paint to a) more closely match our beta site and b) simplify the styles a little
• The s-anchor visual regression tests used .s-card previously. I replaced .s-card there with atomic classes that result in a slightly different style than previous, requiring those test images to be regenerated

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[giamir]

Thanks @dancormier. Changes look good to me.

I noticed 2 minor issues

Icons in the docs topbar when in dark mode are not visible anymore

For the pages using the new "removed" layout I wonder if we can get rid of the irrelevant table of content or at least leave it empty rather than showing wrong info.