[To dev/1.3] Fixed multiple bugs related to schema (#17405)

[Caideyipi]

Description

As the title said.

---

This PR has:

• been self-reviewed.
  • concurrent read
  • concurrent write
  • concurrent read and write
• added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.
• added Javadocs for most classes and all non-trivial methods.
• added or updated version, license, or notice information
• added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious
  for an unfamiliar reader.
• added unit tests or modified existing tests to cover new code paths, ensuring the threshold
  for code coverage.
• added integration tests.
• been tested in a test IoTDB cluster.

---

Key changed/added classes (or packages if there are too many classes) in this PR

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
1 New issue
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 76.92308% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 41.51%. Comparing base (6309e69) to head (f43f8ab).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...gine/schemaregion/impl/SchemaRegionMemoryImpl.java	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...ache/iotdb/commons/schema/filter/SchemaFilter.java	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             dev/1.3   #17420   +/-   ##
==========================================
  Coverage      41.51%   41.51%           
  Complexity       227      227           
==========================================
  Files           3596     3596           
  Lines         236856   236864    +8     
  Branches       28675    28676    +1     
==========================================
+ Hits           98339    98343    +4     
- Misses        138517   138521    +4     

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