Implement quantifier support for incremental SMT2 decision procedure

[tautschnig]

• Add proper conversion of forall_exprt and exists_exprt to SMT terms
• Implement special handling for quantifier expressions in expression traversal
• Fix tuple conversion INVARIANT violations by processing only quantifier bodies
• Extract and handle bound variables correctly in SMT conversion
• Skip code address expressions to avoid unnecessary conversions

Fixes: #8053

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• Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 34.61538% with 17 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 80.40%. Comparing base (0170409) to head (abbb3c2).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...c/solvers/smt2_incremental/convert_expr_to_smt.cpp	30.00%	14 Missing ⚠️
...ncremental/smt2_incremental_decision_procedure.cpp	50.00%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8921      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    80.41%   80.40%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1703     1703              
  Lines       188398   188418      +20     
  Branches        73       73              
===========================================
+ Hits        151496   151504       +8     
- Misses       36902    36914      +12     

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