chore: bump dockerfile to use .NET SDK 10 and drop jammy as its not supported by Microsoft anymore

[dominik-niebuhr]

bump dockerfile to use .NET SDK 10 and drop jammy as its not supported by Microsoft anymore

closes #3255

[dominik-niebuhr]

@dominik-niebuhr please read the following Contributor License Agreement(CLA). If you agree with the CLA, please reply with the following information.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree [company="{your company}"]

Options:

• (default - no company specified) I have sole ownership of intellectual property rights to my Submissions and I am not making Submissions in the course of work for my employer.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

• (when company given) I am making Submissions in the course of work for my employer (or my employer has intellectual property rights in my Submissions by contract or applicable law). I have permission from my employer to make Submissions and enter into this Agreement on behalf of my employer. By signing below, the defined term “You” includes me and my employer.

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree company="Microsoft"

Contributor License Agreement

@microsoft-github-policy-service agree

[tobiasehlert]

@Skn0tt, is this something you could review so that we get .NET SDK version 10 support soon? :)

[thekim1]

Well done @dominik-niebuhr! Will be great to have the updated docker files released :)