fs: Add support in globs for following (opt-in) symlinks

[MatricalDefunkt]

This pull request adds support for following symbolic links (symlinks) when performing glob operations in the filesystem module. It introduces a new followSymlinks option to relevant APIs, updates the documentation, and implements logic to safely traverse symlinks while preventing infinite loops due to cycles.

The most important changes are:

API and Documentation Updates:

• Added a followSymlinks boolean option to the glob-related methods in the filesystem API, allowing users to specify whether symlinks to directories should be traversed. Documentation in doc/api/fs.md has been updated accordingly.

Core Implementation in lib/internal/fs/glob.js:

• Modified the Glob class and related functions to accept and handle the followSymlinks option, including passing it to stat/lstat calls and ensuring symlinks are followed when requested.
• Implemented logic to resolve symlinks and guard against cycles by tracking visited real paths, thus preventing infinite recursion when symlinks create directory loops.
• Updated the glob matching logic to work with resolved entries, ensuring correct behavior when symlinks are followed, and adjusted all relevant code paths to use the resolved entry instead of the original symlink entry.

Internal Refactoring:

• Enhanced the caching mechanism to store and check visited real paths, and to cache resolved stat results for symlink targets.

Fixes: #61033

[mcollina]

Can you fix linting and the commit format?

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 91.12903% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 88.54%. Comparing base (55600e6) to head (0bad0b4).
⚠️ Report is 38 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/internal/fs/glob.js	91.12%	10 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #61162      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.52%   88.54%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         703      703              
  Lines      208589   208676      +87     
  Branches    40226    40247      +21     
==========================================
+ Hits       184650   184765     +115     
+ Misses      15954    15919      -35     
- Partials     7985     7992       +7     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/fs/glob.js	91.36% <91.12%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

... and 31 files with indirect coverage changes

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[MatricalDefunkt]

Can you fix linting and the commit format?

Oops 😬
Will do!