upgrade ubuntu in docker containers

[pcarruscag]

Proposed Changes

20.04 to 24.04

Some issues with Open MPI's RMA protocols had to be mitigated here
su2code/Docker-Builds@86fa501
and here
d9f8418
It should be possible to avoid this by specifying a larger shm size for docker.
I didn't do that because it requires a different syntax for the github actions yml files.

PR Checklist

• I am submitting my contribution to the develop branch.
• My contribution generates no new compiler warnings (try with --warnlevel=3 when using meson).
• My contribution is commented and consistent with SU2 style (https://su2code.github.io/docs_v7/Style-Guide/).
• I used the pre-commit hook to prevent dirty commits and used pre-commit run --all to format old commits.
• I have added a test case that demonstrates my contribution, if necessary.
• I have updated appropriate documentation (Tutorials, Docs Page, config_template.cpp), if necessary.